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Down syndrome, most often occurs when a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21), one in every 691 babies in the United States is born with Down syndrome. In Arizona, 161 babies a year are born with Down syndrome. People with Down syndrome have an increased risk for certain medical conditions, such as congenital heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems, Alzheimer’s disease, childhood leukemia and thyroid conditions.

Down syndrome is usually identified at birth, or shortly after. Initially, the diagnosis is based on physical characteristics that are commonly seen in babies with Down syndrome. However, the diagnosis must be confirmed by a chromosome study, karyotype.

Children with Down syndrome experience cognitive delays, but the effect is usually mild to moderate. Children with Down syndrome are more like other children than they are different; they learn and grow. They simply achieve their goals at a different pace. Each individual has their own unique personality, capabilities and talents. With appropriate education, therapy, social support and opportunity, individuals with Down syndrome will lead fulfilling and productive lives.